2013年全国医学 考博英语 模拟试题
National English Admission Test for Medical Doctoral Students
PAPER ONE
Part I Listening
Section A º
Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear 15 short conversations between two speakers.
At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
For Example: A B D
1. A. John is good at painting.
B. John’s sister’s son is good at painting.
C. The woman suggest the man take up painting.
D. The woman is making fun of the man.
2. A. He has a fried who majored in economics.
B. He hasn’t taken more than one economics course.
C. He’s been learning a lot this year, too.
D. He couldn’t make any sense out of his course.
3. A. Check the price of calculators. B. Finish his statistics homework.
C. Look for a job in mathematics. D. Use a smaller calculator.
4. A. Because the police stopped him. B. Because the driver charged too much.
C. Because he had been robbed. D. For no good reason.
5. A. Take some more vegetables. B. Pass the woman the meat.
C. Avoid taking any more food. D. Help to prepare the potatoes.
6. A. In her office. B. In the library.
C. In the laboratory. D. In the conference room.
7. A. Professor Miller offered more help than he had expected.
B. Professor Miller will not discuss the topic with him.
C. He asked Professor Miller for some books.
D. Professor Miller gave him more books than he had requested.
8. A. She thinks the explanations are difficult.
B. The explanations will be added in a later edition.
C. She thinks the book should include more information.
D. The book includes an explanation of all the answers.
9. A. He probably supports nuclear power plants.
B. He probably opposes nuclear power plants.
C. He probably no opinion on this topic.
D. He probably tries to understand both sides.
10. A. Use every minute of their time wisely.
B. Live there until the final time.
C. Finish their assignments early if possible.
D. Save the lab samples.
11. A. She is dependable. B. She is hard-working.
C. She is kind. D. She is helpful.
12. A. It made her ill.
B. She believes the refreshments could have been better.
C. She feels regret about the lack of success.
D. She felt that her clothes were inappropriate.
13. A. She likes to get E-mails.
B. She hasn’t seen her friends just lately.
C. She lives in the same house with the man and woman are talking.
D. She is their best friend.
14. A. He doesn’t need a green pen.
B. He never bought a green pen.
C. He never returned the woman’s green pen to her.
D. He doesn’t have a green pen with him.
15. A. Bill will buy the car as soon as he gets the money.
B. Bill’s friend is buying the car from him.
C. Bill can’t afford to buy a new car.
D. Bill has already made the down payment on the car.
Section B º
Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are five questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
For Example: A B D
Talk One
16. A. A nutritionist. B. A professor.
C. A dining hall manager. D. A doctor.
17. A. A note for his doctor. B. A dining hall pass.
C. A list of restaurants. D. A food chart.
18. A. He’s an athlete. B. He has high blood pressure.
C. He has a high cholesterol level. D. He’s overweight.
19. A. In the hospital cafeteria. B. In his room.
C. In restaurants. D. In the dining hall.
20. A. Angry. B. Hungry.
C. Relieved. D. Tired.
Talk Two
21. A. Fire prevention. B. Pest control.
C. House construction. D. Toxic chemicals.
22. A. It’s cheaper. B. It’s safer.
C. It’s quicker. D. It’s readily available.
23. A. To keep the heat inside.
B. To prevent insects from escaping.
C. To reduce the risk of fire.
D. To keep the wood dry.
24. A. To show that the treatment will not cause fire.
B. To emphasize the dangers of the old method.
C. To explain a step in the new technique.
D. To illustrate a compromise between old and new systems.
25. A. Above 125 degrees Centigrade. B. About 50 degrees Centigrade.
C. Around 65 degrees Centigrade. D. At 80 degrees Centigrade.
Talk Three
26. A. Read and commented on the proposed topics.
B. Had conferences with some students.
C. Returned the topic papers to her students.
D. Realized their research papers are due in six weeks.
27. A. A recent textbook assignment. B. Requirements for the final examination.
C. Choosing research topics. D. Preparing an outline for a paper.
28. A. Immediately. B. The following week.
C. In two weeks. D. At the end of the semester.
29. A. To present final papers. B. To give a model of outline style.
C. To discuss the preliminary outline. D. To discuss final grades.
30. A. With a thesis statement. B. With a list of references.
C. With a summary of the conference. D. With the student’s name.
Part II Vocabulary (10%)
Section A
Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C and D, are given beneath each of them. You are to choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
31.The fact is, doctor, I just can’t _____ this dreadful cough.
A. get out of B. get rid of
C. get down to D. get round to
32. After eight hours at the wheel of the lorry, the driver was beginning to feel the _______.
A. nervousness B. tension
C. strain D. extension
33. The Chinese government is determined to ____ the established policy of developing
agriculture.
A. go after B. go by
C. go ahead D. go on
34. The Manager has asked to see the sales _____ resulting from our recent advertising campaign.
A. numbers B. figures
C. amounts D. quantities
35. The local medical officer reported a serious _____ of food-poisoning.
A. state B. incident
C. outbreak D. event
36. They didn’t know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and _____.
A. blunder B. slip
C. error D. mistake
37.I was going to say something about the matter; but _____ I gave it up.
A. on second thoughts B. on the whole
C. at the thought of D. on second thought
38. Even if it is a cold day, I think cool water looks _______.
A. inviting B. distasteful
C. disgusting D. repulsive
39. The man’s face was _______ from his infected tooth despite his visit to the dentist.
A. bulging B. swollen
C. dilated D. expanded
40. Similar ethical questions ______ as advances are made in such areas as organ transplant and
fetal in utero surgery.
A. appeal B. arise
C. arouse D. abuse
Section B
Directions: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four other words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the one word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
41. Many people came to donate blood of their own accord.
A. willingly B. for their own sake
C. of their own D. without the help of others
42. When natural gas burns, the hydrocarbon molecules break up into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
A. contract B. vaporize
C. collide D. separate
43. The outlook for the patient will be further aggravated by any associated hypertensive process.
A. destroyed B. worsened
C. aggrieved D. complicated
44. In the system of ethics known as utilitarianism, the rightness or wrongness of an action is
judged by its consequences.
A. cost B. necessity
C. results D. relevance
45. The pilot made one last frantic distress call before he bailed out.
A. little B. desperate
C. routine D. futile
46. At the magnificent banquet a new intoxicating drink was introduced which aroused great interest among the guests.
A. appetizing B. cooling
C. warming D. stimulating
47. The number of hours that have intervened between the accident and operation is a crucial factor.
A. interfered B. interlaced
C. interposed D. interlinked
48. “Suffocation” dreams are concerned with the breathing difficulties of a heavy cold.
A. suffusing B. suffering
C. cutting off D. choking
49. We hope this radio will help overcome the tedium felt during your stay in the hospital.
A. pain B. loneliness
C. boredom D. nervousness
50. He is not yet well enough to dispense with the doctor’s services.
A. give heed to B. pay no attention to
C. do away with D. do without
Part IV Cloze (10%)
Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D listed below. Choose the correct answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
In former times, doctors in Taiwan, who were considered saviors, were greatly admired. This is not only because they were able to 51 sick people of their pain and save their lives, but also because they demonstrated an 52 willingness to help the sick. However, now in this industrial world, people are 53 to chase material possessions. This is true 54 doctors, too. The high income of doctors is the 55 of other people. Many high school graduates are eager to get into medical colleges, and countless girls consider doctors to be their best choice of husbands. For many years the public has 56 that doctors in public hospitals demand money from inpatients. The amount of money the patients give determines the kind of 57 they receive. It has also been said that a large pharmaceutical factory set up by U.S. investors declared that it would stop giving kickbacks(回扣)to doctors 58 the factory has spent too much money 59 sales over the years. This declaration has caused quite a stir in our society. We wonder 60 the officials who have denied the dealings mentioned above will say about this.51.A.releaseB.relieveC.depriveD.reduce52A. admirableB.advisableC. appreciableD. acceptable53.A.tendedB.opposedC.inclinedD.persuaded54.A.withB.forC.toD.of55.A.hatredB.prideC.envyD.disgust56.A.chargedB.accusedC.blamedD.contended57.A.informationB.treatmentC.adviceD.interpreta- tion58.A.ifB.asC.thoughD.when59.A.promotingB.contributingC.manipulatingD.inducing60.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether
Part IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions: In this part of the test there are six passages. Following each passage there are five questions with four choices. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature, and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme (酶) systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37ºC; a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations, the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.
For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperatures. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded’ and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds, whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana (鬣蜥)—each cold-blooded—usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homotherms(同温动物), and those whose body temperature varies with their environment, called poikilotherms(变温动物). But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates(无脊椎动物) that live in the depths of the ocean never experience a change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.
The current distinction is between animals whose body temperature is regulated chiefly by internal metabolic processes and those whose temperature is regulated by, and who get most of their heat from, the environment. The former are called endotherms (恒温动物), and the latter are called ectotherms (外温动物). Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperature, and they do so mainly by locomoting to favorable sites or by changing their exposure to external sources of heat. Endotherms (mainly mammals and birds) also regulate their temperature by choosing favorable environments, but primarily they regulate their temperatures by making a variety of internal adjustments.
61. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. body temperatures of various animals
B. the newest research on measuring temperature
C. methods of temperature reduction
D. the classification of animals by temperature regulation
62. Which of the following terms refers primarily to mammals and birds?
A. Warm-blooded. B. Ectothermic.
C. Cold-blooded. D. Poikilothermic
63. In general, the temperature of endotherms is regulated _______.
A. consciously B. internally
C. inadequately D. environmentally
64. According to the passage, the chief way in which ectotherms regulate their temperature is by
_______.
A. seeking out appropriate locations
B. hibernating part of the year
C. staying in deep water
D. triggering certain metabolic processes
65. According to the passage, human beings mainly regulate their body temperatures by _______.
A. choosing favorable environments B. internal metabolic processes
C. eating more food D. doing physical exercises
Passage Two
The narrow passage ended in a round arch fringed with ivy and creepers. The children passed through the arch into a narrow ravine whose banks were of stone, moss-covered. Trees growing on the top of the bank arched across and the sunlight came through in changing patches of brightness. The path, which was of greeny-grey stones where heaps of leaves had drifted, sloped steeply down, and at the end of it was another round arch, quite dark inside, above which were rose rocks and grass and bushes.
“It’s like the outside of a railway tunnel,” said Jimmy.
“It might be the entrance to an enchanted castle,” said Kathleen.
Under the drifted damp leaves the path was firm and stony. At the dark arch they stopped.
“There are steps down,” said Gerald.
Very slowly and carefully they went down the steps. Gerald struck a match when the last step was found to have no edge and to be in fact the beginning of a passage turning to the left.
“This,” said Jimmy, “might take us back to the road.”
“Or under it,” said Gerald, “we’ve come down eleven steps.”
They went on, following Gerald, who went very slowly for fear, as he explained, of steps. The passage was very dark.
Then came a glimmer of daylight that grew and grew and presently ended in another arch that looked out over a scene so like a picture out of a book about Italy that everyone’s breath was taken away, and they simply walked forward silent and staring. A short avenue of cypresses led, winding as it went, to a marble terrace that lay broad and white in the sunlight. The children, blinking, leaned their arms on the flat balustrade (栏杆) and gazed.
Immediately below them was a lake with swans and an island with willow trees, and among the trees gleamed the white figures of statues. Against a hill to the left was a round white building with pillars and to the right a waterfall came tumbling down among mossy stones to splash into the lake. Steps went from the terrace to the water and other steps to the green lawns beside it. Away across the grassy slopes deer were feeding and in the distance was an enormous house of grey stone, like nothing the children had ever seen before.
“It is an enchanted castle,” said Gerald.
“There aren’t any enchanted castles,” said Jimmy, “you ought to know that.”
“Well, anyway, I’m going to explore,” said Gerald. “You needn’t come if you don’t want to.”
The others followed. There never was such a garden—out of a picture or a fairy tale. They passed quite close to the deer, who only raised their heads to look and did not seem startled at all. After a long stretch of grass, they passed under an avenue of lime trees and came into a rose garden bordered with thick hedges.
“I know we shall meet a gardener in a minute and he’ll ask what we’re doing here, and then what shall we say?” Kathleen asked.
“We’ll say we’ve lost our way, and it will be quite true,” said Gerald.
66. When they came out of the last arch the children were silent because _______.
A. they were out of breath B. they were amazed at what they saw
C. the light hurt their eyes D. they saw an Italian picture
67. From the terrace the children were able to see _______.
A. a lake with trees growing in it
B. some swans among the trees on an island
C. a lake just behind them
D. some statues on an island in the lake
68. How was it possible to reach the lake from the terrace?
A. There were some steps leading down.
B. There were some steps leading right.
C. There was a waterfall going down to the lake.
D. There were steps to some stones.
69. Kathleen thought that if they met a gardener _______.
A. he would think they had lost their way
B. he would know why they were there
C. they would ask him why they were there
D. he would ask them why they were there
70. The story suggests that the children _______.
A. had been told about the castle before
B. had seen pictures of the castle in a book
C. had no idea what they were going to see
D. knew they were going to see something wonderful
Passage Three
There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspapers classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
“Contact us before writing your application,” or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your resume or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialised service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the resume (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when they left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.
There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the resume.
71. According to the passage, the new type of advertisements _____.
A. informs job hunters of the chances available
B. promises useful advice to job-hunters
C. divides available jobs into various types
D. informs employers that people are available for work
72. Now a demand for this type of service has been created because _____.
A. there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people
B. there are so many top-level jobs available
C. there are so many people out of work
D. the job history is considered to be a work of art
73. It the past it was expected that first-job hunters would _____.
A. write an initial letter giving their life history
B. pass some exams before applying for a job
C. have no qualifications other than being able to read and write
D. keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
74. When applying for more important jobs, one had better include in the letter _____.
A. something attractive in one’s application
B. a personal opinion about the organisation one wanted to join
C. something that would offend its reader
D. a lie that one could easily get away with telling
75. The resume has become so important because _____.
A. of an increase in the number of jobs advertised
B. of an increase in the number of applicants which degrees
C. of much more complicatedness of jobs today
D. it is less complicated than other application processes
Passage Four
The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, unalloyed (纯粹的), unslanted (不偏不倚的), objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more, it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is the most important assignment confronting American journalism—to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news as understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing (with the possible exception of such scribblings (胡乱拼凑的文章) as society and club news) as “local” news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in manpower draft, in economic strain, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life.
There is in journalism a widespread view that when you embark on interpretation, you are entering rough and dangerous waters, the swirling (令人头晕脑胀的) tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall confine himself to the “facts”. This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? And: Are the bare facts enough?
As to the first question, consider how a so-called “factual” story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts, out of these fifty, his space allocation being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment No.1. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall constitute the lead of the piece. This is Judgment No.2. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large impact, or on twenty-four where it has little. Judgment No.3.
Thus, in the presentation of a so-called “factual” or “objective” story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporter and editor, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and their “news neutralism,” arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective rather than subjective processes—as objective, that is, as any human being can be. (Note in passing: even though complete objectivity can never be achieved, nevertheless the ideal must always be the beacon on the murky news channels.) If an editor is intent on slanting the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that prop up his particular plea. Or he can do it by the play he gives a story-promoting it to page one or demoting it to page thirty.
76. The most appropriate title for the passage would be _______.
A. Everything Counts B. Three Judgments
C. Interpreting the News D. Choosing Facts
77. A reporter selects ten out of fifty available facts because _______.
A. his editor is prejudiced B. space is limited
C. he wants to simplify a complex story D. the subject is not important
78. It can be inferred that the author thinks, in writing a factual story, the writer _______.
A. must use judgment B. should limit himself to the facts
C. should make the story interesting D. should slant (歪曲) the story
79. The least effective way of “slanting” news is by _______.
A. selection B. ignoring it
C. focusing on local news D. interpretation
80. Placement of a story on page one or page twenty-four will control its ....
A. impact B. accuracy
C. relative importance D. neutralism
Passage Five
Until a few years ago most experts believed that young children couldn’t lie. The late developmental psychologist Jean Piaget believed that children under 7 had trouble distinguishing between fantasy and reality and couldn’t be held accountable for untruths. But recent research indicates that children as young as 4 are quite capable of telling a deliberate lie to get out of trouble. Researchers believe the fear of a parent’s disapproval discourages a very young child from lying. But by the age of 8 disapproval is not enough. A child should understand the consequences of the lie and the ways in which it destroys trust.
A child who lies a lot may be asking for help. Recent research suggests that kids who are being treated for psychological problems lie almost three times as much as well-adjusted kids. A study in England in the early 1970s showed that one third of the children identified as chronic liars by their parents ended up being convicted of theft later on. Other studies indicate that children who have manipulative personalities are skilled at telling lies to get what they want. Two decades ago researchers devised a morality test called a Mach scale. They found that kids who scored high in Mach characteristics-cynicism, desire for power-often lied to achieve their goals.
How should honesty be taught? It seems that harsh punishment, thought by many parents to discourage lying, may actually increase it. “It creates a fear of punishment, rather than an internalized belief in moral behavior,” psychologist Paul Ekman says. To help a child realize the damage lying does, a parent might use tales like “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” for younger children and draw object lessons from the news as the kids grow older.
Just because parents learn why lies occur doesn’t mean they should accept them. Psychologists encourage parents to expect their children to be truthful. Ekman counsels parents to set a good example, avoiding even white lies as much as possible, and to stress the family’s bond of trust. He also reminds parents that they must remain compassionate. “A terrible act, a desperate lie to conceal it, needs to be punished,” he writes. “But it also needs to be forgiven.”
21. What is the talk mainly about? B)
22. According to the speaker, what makes the new system better than other treatments? B)
23. Why are the houses covered with tents? A)
24. Why does the speaker mention that construction wood is dried by heat? A)
25. What is the temperature of the heated air blown into the tent? C)
Talk Three
I’m sure you realize that your research papers are due in six weeks. I’ve looked at your proposed topics and made comments about them. The most frequent problem was proposing too broad a topic. Remember, this is only a fifteen-page paper.
As I return your topic papers, I’d like to look over the schedule which sketches out what we’ll do during the next two weeks. Today is Monday. By Friday, I want your preliminary outline. Please be sure to incorporate the suggestions I’ve made on your topics in your outlines. Next week I’ll have a conference with each of you. I’ve posted a schedule on my office door. Sign your name to indicate the time you’re available for an appointment. In the conference, we’ll discuss your preliminary outline, which is due two weeks from today. Use the outline style in your textbook and remember it should be no more than two pages long. Be sure to begin with a thesis statement, that is, with a precise statement of the point you intend to prove, and include a conclusion.
Have you got all that? Your two-page preliminary outlines are due at the end of this week and the final outlines are due after your conferences. Follow the textbook style and include a thesis statement and a conclusion.
26. What did the speaker probably do before this class? A)
27. What does the speaker mainly discuss? D)
28. When will conferences be held? B)
29. What is the purpose of the conference? C)
30. According to the speaker, how should the outline begin? A)
注意：本文归作者所有，未经作者允许，不得转载
