2018
考博英语
必会语法知识点:不定式省略to的10种情况
2018考博英语复习初期,夯实基础是首要任务,作为英语最基础的知识就是语法,旭晨教育考博英语频道整理了一系列考博英语必会语法知识点供考生们参考复习。
不定式省略to的10种情况
一、使役动词与to的省略
当不定式用于let, make, have等使役动词后作宾语补足语,不定式必须省略to。如:
Let me have another cup of tea. 给我再来一杯茶。
She had him dig away the snow. 她让他把雪挖走。
They made him tell them everything. 他们强迫他把一切全告诉他们。
但是,当使役动词用于被动语态时,其后的不定式则必须要带to。如:
他被迫一天工作20小时。
误:He was made work twenty hours a day.
正:He was made to work twenty hours a day.
注意,表示使役意义的let和have很少用于被动语态。
另外注意,force, oblige等虽然也表示“使”,但它们后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须带to。如:
They forced her to sign the paper. 他们强迫她在文件上签字。
The law obliged parents to send their children to school. 法律要求父母送子女上学。
二、感觉动词与to的省略
当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, look at, listen to等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。如:
We all felt the house shake. 我们都感觉这房子在震动。
I heard him go down the stairs. 我听见他下楼了。
Did you notice her leave the house? 她离开屋子你注意到了吗?
I watched her get into the car. 我看着她上了车。
但是,当feel后用作宾语补足语的不定式为to be时,则不能省略to。如:
They all felt the plan to be unwise. 他们都认为这个计划不明智。
注意,当这些动词变为被动语态时,不定式前的to不能省略。如:
They were heard to break a glass in the next door. 听见他们在隔壁打破了一个玻璃杯子。
另外,若用作宾语补足语的不定式为完成式,则通常应带 to。如:
I noticed her to have come early. 我注意到她来得很早。
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